The dentist may recommend using a dental crown to cover a damaged tooth. There are various types of crowns which can be used to restore the function, shape, and appearance of the tooth.
A dental crown or cap is a tooth-colored prosthetic which covers a damaged tooth. Crown can give a tooth added strength, improve the appearance of the tooth, and even help ensure the tooth is properly aligned. During the initial appointment for a crown, the dentist will obtain impressions of the tooth and surrounding area. The dentist will also file down the tooth natural to ensure the crown fits properly. While the offsite dental lab is creating the permanent crown, a temporary crown is typically placed on the affected tooth.
Crowns are often used for the following issues:
- Damaged or decayed teeth
- Large fillings
- Protect weak or cracked teeth
- Improve color, shape or size of the tooth
- Secure dental bridges
- Root canals
- Dental implants
Below is a summary of the types of materials which can be used for a dental crown:
- Ceramic: Ceramic crowns are often used for restorations of the front teeth as the customized color can closely match the natural teeth. Ceramic crowns are made from a porcelain-based material.
- Porcelain-fused to metal: This crown provides patients with a stronger bond as it is attached to a metal base. Porcelain-fused to metal crowns are incredibly durable.
- Gold alloy: This type of crown is made from a combination of gold, copper and other types of metals. While it is expensive, this crown is incredibly strong and does not fracture or wear away the tooth.
- Base metal alloys: This type of crown is created from non-noble metals and is extremely strong. The base metal alloy crown requires minimal removal of the healthy supporting tooth, however, is not natural in its appearance.
- Lithium disilicate: This crown does not require a porcelain veneer. It is not as strong or durable compared to other materials and is often limited for use in the back teeth.
The material which is used and the health of natural tooth which is supporting the crown will determine its ability to seal the all-porcelain crown. Non-porcelain crowns provide a strong seal against leakage which aids in preserving the underlying tooth.
The most durable type of crowns are gold and metal alloy. The all-porcelain crown, in comparison, is not as strong and can be more susceptible to damage from the pressure of chewing. Porcelain-fused to metal crowns are also extremely durable. Both porcelain-based crowns are resistant to wear, however, can cause issues on the opposing teeth from the rough surface. Gold and metal alloy crowns are resistant to wear and do not damage the opposing teeth.
Over time, crowns can become loose and require adjustments. When they are properly maintained, crowns can last for many years. Patients should practice good oral hygiene in order to preserve the crown and ensure any issues are addressed in a timely manner. Good hygiene includes twice daily brushing and daily flossing. Patients should also visit the dentist regularly for a professional cleaning and examination.