Dental sealants are thin layers of protective material applied to the surface of teeth, most often molars and premolars, to prevent tooth decay. They are an effective complement to daily oral hygiene, especially in children and adolescents, but also in adults at high risk of tooth decay. Although many people may not have heard of this form of prevention, sealants have been recommended by dentists around the world for years as a safe and effective way to protect teeth.
How do dental sealants work?
The chewing surfaces of molars and premolars have many grooves and pits. These natural crevices are difficult to clean thoroughly, especially in children who are just learning to brush properly. This is where plaque most often accumulates, and as a result, tooth decay develops.
A dental sealant is a thin layer of resin or other synthetic material that is applied to a clean and dry tooth surface. After hardening, usually with UV light, the material creates a protective barrier that prevents the accumulation of food debris and bacteria, facilitates cleaning of the tooth surface, and protects the enamel from acids and caries. Sealants do not cure existing cavities, but they effectively prevent their development.
Who should use dental sealants?
Dental sealants are particularly recommended for:
- Children and adolescents – shortly after the eruption of the first and second molars (between the ages of 6 and 12),
- People who have difficulty maintaining oral hygiene – e.g., children with disabilities, the elderly,
- Patients at high risk of caries – e.g., with a history of numerous cavities,
- People with deep grooves on the surfaces of their teeth, regardless of age.
Although they are most often performed on children, there is nothing to prevent adults from using this form of protection as well, as long as their teeth do not already have fillings or cavities on the chewing surfaces.
How is the procedure performed?
Applying a sealant is a quick, painless, and non-invasive procedure that usually takes a dozen or so minutes. It involves several steps:
- Cleaning the tooth and removing plaque and deposits,
- Applying an etching acid to prepare the surface,
- Rinsing and drying the tooth,
- Applying the sealant,
- Curing the material – using a curing light.
After the procedure, the patient can eat and drink normally. Sealants are permanent, but it is recommended to check them every 6-12 months during dental visits, as they can wear out or chip over time.
Advantages and limitations of sealants
Advantages:
- Effective protection against caries (risk reduction by up to 80%)
- Quick and painless procedure
- Long-lasting effect – often lasts for several years
- No need for drilling or anesthesia
- Low costs compared to caries treatment
Limitations:
- Not effective if cavities have already started to form
- Require regular check-ups and possible corrections
- Do not protect other tooth surfaces (only the chewing surface)
In Conclusion
Dental sealants are a proven, inexpensive, and effective method of preventing caries, especially on the chewing surfaces of molars. They act as a protective shield, eliminating places that favor the growth of bacteria and caries. They are safe, easy to use, and recommended by most dental associations. Although they will not replace daily brushing and flossing, they are a valuable addition to comprehensive oral care, so please contact us today to discuss your options for sealants and your oral health!